Answer:DNA helicases are also called molecular motors. They unwind the DNA with the help of ATP hydrolysis, and thus facilitate the replication and transcription processes. ... Studies have suggested that DNA helicases may play a role in plant DNA recombination, as it is prominent during the meiotic prophase of plants.
Explanation:
Role played by Helicase in DNA Replication is to break down the hydrogen bonds and unwinds a section of DNA.
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans located in the cell nucleus (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA).
Mitochondria are structures within cells that convert the energy from food into a form that cells can use.
The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).
Human DNA consists of about 3 billion bases, and more than 99 percent of those bases are the same in all people.
The order, or sequence, of these bases determines the information available for building and maintaining an organism, similar to the way in which letters of the alphabet appear in a certain order to form words and sentences.
In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule.
DNA replication occurs in all living organisms acting as the most essential part for biological inheritance and it is essential for cell division during growth and repair of damaged tissues, while it also ensures that each of the new cells receives its own copy of the DNA.
The cell possesses the distinctive property of division, which makes replication of DNA essential.
DNA is made up of a double helix of two complementary strands. The double helix describes the appearance of a double-stranded DNA which is composed of two linear strands running opposite to each other and twist together to form.
During replication, these strands are separated. Each strand of the original DNA molecule then serves as a template for the production of its counterpart, a process referred to as semiconservative replication.
As a result of semi-conservative replication, the new helix will be composed of an original DNA strand as well as a newly synthesized strand.
Cellular proofreading and error-checking mechanisms ensure near perfect fidelity for DNA replication.
Helicases are enzymes that bind and remodel nucleic acid or nucleic acid protein complexes.
Helicases are of two types- DNA Helicases and RNA Helicases.
Role of Helicases:
- Separate the double stranded DNA into single one to allow copying.
- Initiate synthesis at the origin of unwinding
- Helicases use the energy stored in a molecule called ATP, which serves as the energy currency of cells, to break the bonds.
- DNA helicases also function in other cellular processes where double-stranded DNA must be separated, including DNA repair and transcription.
- RNA helicases are involved in shaping the form of RNA molecules, during all processes involving RNA, such as transcription, splicing, and translation.
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