Answer:
“causal” argument is all about cause and effect.
It starts from a Cause to try to predict its possible “effects” — or — it starts from some Effect and tries to deduce its previous “cause.”
Example: “I got good grades on my report card — perhaps my parents will give me a reward.” (Cause to Effect)
Example: “There’s an apple on the ground — perhaps it fell off of that apple tree.” (Effect to Cause)