The correct answer to this open question is the following.
I think that some of the challenges for countries that had been colonized were the following.
First, conquerors and colonizers forced the indigenous people to change their religion. It was a shock for these people. They had faith in their gods and Christianity sent priests and frays from different companies such as Franciscans or Jesuits to evangelize and convert the Indians into Christianity.
Then, the change in language. Native American people or Mesoamerican people had their own dialects and forms of communication. European colonists forced them to learn English, Spanish, or Portuguese, according to the European nation conquering the territory.
Another big challenge was that native people were the "owners" of their lands. And colonists took those lands away and forced native Indians to work for them.
Finally, European conquerors and colonists brought diseases unknown to the native people. These diseases almost wipe out the entire population of indigenous people in the Americas. We are talking about diseases such as malaria, chickenpox, cholera, smallpox, and influenza.
