Question

A company makes windows for use in homes and commercial buildings. The standards for glass thickness call for the glass to average 0.325 inch with a standard deviation equal to 0.065 inch. Suppose a random sample of n = 44 windows yields a sample mean of 0.337 inch.

Required:
What is the probability of x >= 20.337 if the windows meet the standards?

Answer 1

Answer:

0.1102 = 11.02% probability of x >= 0.337 if the windows meet the standards.

Step-by-step explanation:

To solve this question, we need to understand the normal probability distribution and the central limit theorem.

Normal Probability Distribution:

Problems of normal distributions can be solved using the z-score formula.

In a set with mean $\mu$ and standard deviation $\sigma$, the z-score of a measure X is given by:

$Z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}$

The Z-score measures how many standard deviations the measure is from the mean. After finding the Z-score, we look at the z-score table and find the p-value associated with this z-score. This p-value is the probability that the value of the measure is smaller than X, that is, the percentile of X. Subtracting 1 by the p-value, we get the probability that the value of the measure is greater than X.

Central Limit Theorem

The Central Limit Theorem establishes that, for a normally distributed random variable X, with mean $\mu$ and standard deviation $\sigma$, the sampling distribution of the sample means with size n can be approximated to a normal distribution with mean $\mu$ and standard deviation $s = \frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}$.

For a skewed variable, the Central Limit Theorem can also be applied, as long as n is at least 30.

The standards for glass thickness call for the glass to average 0.325 inch with a standard deviation equal to 0.065 inch.

This means $\mu = 0.325, \sigma = 0.065$

Sample of 44

This means that $n = 44, s = \frac{0.065}{\sqrt{44}}$

What is the probability of x >= 0.337 if the windows meet the standards?

This is 1 subtracted by the p-value of Z when X = 0.337. So

$Z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}$

By the Central Limit Theorem

$Z = \frac{X - \mu}{s}$

$Z = \frac{0.337 - 0.325}{\frac{0.065}{\sqrt{44}}}$

$Z = 1.225$

$Z = 1.225$ has a p-value of 0.8898

1 - 0.8898 = 0.1102

0.1102 = 11.02% probability of x >= 0.337 if the windows meet the standards.