During the 19th century, the powerful nations of Europe "carved up" Africa into colonies and territories. Before colonization, how were the borders in Africa established?
Select one:
a.
Borders were formed by rivers, mountains and other geographic features.
b.
Borders were determined by allegiance to a central leader or a community.
c.
Borders were maintained by military leaders who worked to separate religious groups.
d.
Borders generally did not exist before the colonization of Africa.
