Answer:
A. The part of the British government that makes laws.
Explanation:
The term "Parliament" is used to refer to the law-making, governing body that houses the representatives of the citizens. In other words, it is the legislative lawmaking of a country and can also refer to the building that houses or is the place where the ministers meet to talk and discuss about the issues.
In the given sentence, the Parliament is the British government that makes the laws for the citizens to abide by. King George as well as the parliament joined hands in ordering the colonists, i.e. the American people, to pay taxes to pay for the maintenance of the troops.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.