Question

In fruit flies, bar-shaped eyes are dominant to normal-shaped eyes. Male offspring from parents that contained only bar-shaped alleles will have bar eyes. If this male (fly#1) is crossed with a normal-eyed female (fly#2) only the female offspring have bar-shaped eyes. If a normal-eyed (fly#3) is crossed with a bar-eyed female (fly#4), whose parents contained only bar-shaped alleles, all their offspring will have bar-shaped eyes. Explain this results and give the phenotypes of the numbered flies in this problem.

Answer 1

The answer is
fly #1: Genotype: XBY, phenotype: male with bar-shaped eyes
fly #2: Genotype: XbXb, phenotype: female with normal-shaped eyes
fly #3: Genotype: XBY, phenotype: male with bar-shaped eyes
fly #4: Genotype: XBXB, phenotype: female with bar-shaped eyes

Since there is difference in inheritance, bar-shaped eyes must be X-linked dominant trait.
XB - dominant allele on X chromosome for bar-shaped eyes 
Xb - recessive allele on X chromosome for normal-shaped eyes.

Let's see:
Male offspring from parents that contained only bar-shaped alleles will have bar eyes:
                   Father             Mother
Parents:        XBY       x        XBXB
Male offspring: XBY
fly#1: XBY

Fly#1 is crossed with a normal-eyed female (fly#2) only the female offspring have bar-shaped eyes:
                     Father            Mother
Parents:        XBY        x      XbXb
Female offspring:     XBXb
fly#2: XbXb

If a normal-eyed (fly#3) is crossed with a bar-eyed female (fly#4), whose parents contained only bar-shaped alleles, all their offspring will have bar-shaped eyes.:
                    Father          Mother
Parents:        XbY       x      XBXB (since her parents were: XBY and XBXB)
Offspring:      XBXb   XBXb    XBY     XBY