Question

An administrator at a local high school wants to investigate whether there is an association between the grade level of a student (either ninth, tenth, eleventh, or twelfth) and how the student commutes to school (either walks, bikes, takes the bus, receives a ride, or drives). After a chi-square test for association was conducted, the results indicated that the chi-square test statistic was 14.63 with a p-value of 0.2623. Which of the following is the correct interpretation of the p-value in the context of the test?

a. There is a 26.23 percent chance that grade level and how a student commutes to school are independent.
b. There is a 26.23 percent chance that there is no association between grade level and how a student commutes to school.
c. Assuming there is no association between a student's grade level and how the student commutes to school, there is a 26.23 percent chance of finding a test statistic that is 14.63 or larger.
d. Assuming that a student's grade level and the way the student commutes to school are dependent, there is a 26.23 percent chance of finding a test statistic that is 14.63 or larger.
e. Assuming that a student's grade level and the way the student commutes to school are dependent, there is a 26.23 percent chance of finding a test statistic that is 14.63 or smaller.

Answer 1

Answer:

c.

Step-by-step explanation:

The following is how the p-value should be interpreted:

The probability of getting the test statistics value at least as intense as it might have been acquired during the test, assuming the null hypothesis is true, is considered as the p-value.

Null hypothesis

$\mathbf{H_o :}$ A student's grade level has no bearing or association on how they commute to school.

Alternative hypothesis;

$\mathbf{H_1: }$ There is a link between a student's grade level and the way they get to school.

The test statistic's value is 14.63, and the p-value is 0.2636.

As a result, the p-value is interpreted as that of option c in the question.

Answer 2

Answer: C

Step-by-step explanation: Because the p value is less than 0.05 you know that your null hypothesis can be rejected and thus your alternative can have significant evidence to be proven. Thus you can eliminate answer choices B, and E. A and B can be rejected because your p value from your chi square test is telling you the likelihood of your chi square falling in a certain category of the graph.