Question

The characteristics of two unknown intermolecular forces, X and Y, are compared in the table.
Intermolecular Forces
х
Y
Occurs between molecules with instantaneous dipoles Occurs between molecules with permanent dipoles and ions
Which of the following conclusions about the two intermolecular forces is correct?
X represents London dispersion forces, and Y represents ion-dipole forces.
X represents dipole-dipole forces, and Y represents ion-dipole forces.
X represents hydrogen bonding, and Y represents dipole-dipole forces.
X represents London dispersion forces, and Y represents dipole-dipole forces.

Answer 1

Answer:

X represents London dispersion forces, and Y represents ion-dipole forces.

Explanation:

London forces occurs between molecules that are normally non-polar (electrically symmetric). It arises from instantaneous dipoles in molecules. It occurs in all substances.

Permanent dipoles are caused by non-symmetric electron distribution in molecules leading to a permanent dipole in the molecule such as in HCl. Interaction between the permanent dipole in these molecules and an ion is called ion-dipole interaction.

Hence; X represents London dispersion forces, and Y represents ion-dipole forces.

Answer 2

X represents London dispersion forces, and Y represents ion-dipole forces.

London forces:

• London forces occurs between molecules that are normally non-polar (electrically symmetric). It arises from instantaneous dipoles in molecules. It occurs in all substances.
• For example: F₂, I₂

Ion-dipole forces:

• Permanent dipoles are caused by non-symmetric electron distribution in molecules leading to a permanent dipole in the molecule such as in HCl. Interaction between the permanent dipole in these molecules and an ion is called ion-dipole interaction.
• For example: sodium ion $(Na^+)$and water molecule$(H_2O)$

Hence; X represents London dispersion forces,

and Y represents ion-dipole forces.

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