Question

Name two homologous structures in vertebrates. Why are they so called ? How do such organs help in understanding an evolutionary relationship ?
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Answer 1

Answer:

1) homologous structures in vertebrates - Limbs of birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles. 2) They are so called since they have similar basic structural plan, but appear different externally and perform different function. However they have evolved from a common ancestor. 3) The homologous characteristics indicate common ancestory.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

➜ Two homologous structures in vertebrates are:

• Limbs of birds and reptiles.
• Limbs of reptiles and amphibians.

These are so called because the organ have similar structure to perform different functions in various vertebrates.

The homologous characteristics of such organs indicate common ancestory. Thus these exist an evolutionary relationship.