Question

Use the passage below to answer all parts of the question that follows.

“The classic narrative [of the Columbian encounter] can be summarized as follows: At the end of the fifteenth century Christopher Columbus discovered America, adding to the world two continents populated sparsely with ‘savages.’. . . . Then the conquistadores, few in number but courageous, conquered the Amerindian civilizations, which, for all their temples and gold, were evidently no more than paper tigers. . . . British, French, Dutch, and other European soldiers, merchants, and settlers did much the same thing in those parts of the New World not yet claimed by the Iberians. The history of the New World subsequently became the struggle of European imperialist powers for domination, and Amerindians ceased to be important. . . .

[A new generation of historians, however, took] a fresh look at the origins of European imperialism, [examining] perhaps elements less dramatic than gold and God and heroes. . . . [According to these historians], in 1492 two systems, one of the Old World and the other of the New World, collided. The Old World peoples had some distinct advantages in the biological competition that followed. . . . The decisive advantage of the [European] invaders of America was not their plants or animals—and certainly not their muskets and rifles, which Amerindians eventually obtained in quantity—but their diseases. . . . These were the most lethal of the invaders of the New World in the sixteenth century.”

a) Based on the first paragraph, identify ONE argument made in the “classic narrative” of the Columbian encounter.

b) Explain ONE development in the sixteenth century that would support the arguments of the “new generation of historians” in the second paragraph.

c) Describe ONE way in which the “biological competition” referred to in the second paragraph contributed to European imperialism in the Americas.

(I know its a lot but im using all my points I have just for this one question, thank you)

Answer 1

An argument created by the classic narrative of the Columbian encounter was the European supremacy over the Amerindian peoples in America that subsequently sparked rivalries between Europeans.

On the other hand, the development that supported the arguments of the new generations of historians is the microscope to see and study diseases.

The biological competition was an advantage for Europeans because the diseases that were transported from Europe to America were very lethal with the natives, while the few diseases existing in America did not affect Europeans significantly.

The Columbian exchange is a term that refers to the process that occurred after the discovery of America in which there was a wide exchange of agricultural products and other foods originating from the New World (the American continent) in the Old World (Europe, Africa, and Asia) between the 15th and 16th centuries.

One of the highlights of this exchange was the high lethality of diseases originating in the Old World for the native peoples of America because they caused about 80% to 95% of deaths.

Finally, one of the most controversial aspects of this time was the slave trade because there was a great displacement of people from different African cultures to America where they were forced to work without rights.

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