Proteins translation occurs in the cytosol. It involves the association of mRNA to the ribosome and to tRNA. The codons determine the amino acids sequence. The order is 1, 3, 4, 2, 5.
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Protein synthesis involves transcription -which occurs in the nucleus-, and translation -which occurs in the cytosol-.
- Once in the cytoplasm mRNA meets a free ribosome, the primary structure for protein synthesis.
- Ribosomes might be floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
- mRNA and ribosomes also associate with different tRNA that carries amino acids.
- The ribosome recognizes the start codon in the mRNA and starts reading the strain in a 5´ to 3´ direction. According to the codons being readen, tRNA transfers the correct amino acids to build the polypeptide chain.
- Each tRNA has two important sites. One of them is the antidocon that couples with the codon of the mRNA molecule. The other site couples with the coded amino acid.
- The new amino acid joins the growing chain through peptidic bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups. The tRNA leaves the ribosome and sets free to join another amino acid and repeat the cycle.
- The protein is synthesized from the amino terminus to the carboxy terminus, while the added amino acids to the chain are coded by a codon formed by three bases in the mRNA.
- When the ribosome meets the stop codon, protein synthesis finishes. The polypeptide is released.
The correct order of steps is
1. Binding of mRNA and ribosome at the mRNA start codon
3. Complementary base pairing between initiator codon and anticodon of initiator tRNA
4. Peptide bond formation between amino acids
2. Stop codon releases the ribosome and translation stops
5. Release of Finished protein product
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