A frameshift mutation involves the insertion or deletion of nucleotides in a DNA sequence, which modifies its open reading frame. A deletion is a mutation that involves the elimination of one nucleotide in DNA sequence.
With regard to the questions above described:
- 1. The sequence AGC TTT CG suffered a deletion of the Adenine (A) base at the second codon (i.e., AGC TTA TCG).
- 2. The sequence CCA TAG CT exhibits a deletion of the Cytosine (C) base at the first codon (i.e., CCC ATA GCT).
- 3. Cystic fibrosis is a recessive inherited disorder caused by a three-nucleotide (codon) deletion in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. This deletion is associated with the loss of phenylalanine (Phe) amino acid in the exon 10 of the CFTR gene.
- 4. The statement 'chromosomes contain DNA' is TRUE. Chromosomes are thread-like structures that contain part or all of the genetic material (DNA) of an organism.
- 5. Epigenetic changes are modifications that affect an organism’s phenotype while leaving its DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation and histone modifications (e.g., histone acetylation, histone methylation).
In conclusion, frameshift mutations involve the modification of the Open Reading Frame. Deletion involves the elimination of a nucleotide in DNA. Chromosomes are thread-like structures that contain genetic material. Epigenetic modifications don't modify the genetic (nucleotide) sequence.
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