Channel and carrier proteins are both types of facilitated transport.
Facilitated diffusion is one of the ways of transporting molecules and is characterized by the use of proteins that are inserted in the plasma membrane, such as ion channels and carriers or permeases.
Ions, amino acids and monosaccharides, among many other molecules, cannot cross the plasma membrane, because they are polar or are very large in size.
So, for the cell to obtain or eliminate these substances, the presence of transporter proteins is necessary.
This diffusion is a type of passive transport, because it takes advantage of the concentration gradient of the molecules and does not waste energy.
- Ion channels are integral tunnel-shaped proteins, selective for one, two, or three ions.
- When a channel opens, ions flow under two principles: the concentration gradient and the electrochemical gradient.
Consequently, when an ion channel opens, the potential difference between the two compartments is altered.
- Transmembrane proteins mediate the transport of molecules such as bicarbonate or large, polar, uncharged molecules such as glucose.
The transport through these proteins occurs in favor of the concentration gradient, and by a reversible conformational change of the proteins that allows the translocation of the molecule to the other side of the membrane.
This type of transport is always without energy expenditure and in favor of the electrochemical gradient, it occurs in the following way:
- Uniport, a single molecule translocates in only one direction.
- Simporte, two molecules that translocate in the same direction.
Therefore, we can conclude that channel and carrier proteins are both types of facilitated transport.
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