students observed several prepared slides of a process that occurs in a dividing onion cell. they observed haploid cells in one slide, centromeres that did not separate during anaphase in another slide, and two different cell divisions resulting in 4 daughter cells in other slides. Which statement is not true about the process that was observed?
1.) the slides were of an egg cell or sperm cell
2.) the process observed produce genetically different cells
3.) the number of chromosomes resulting from the process is reduced by half
4.) the observations suggest cellular reproduction and general growth and repair of the body.

Meiosis produces 4 haploid cells -gametes- from a single diploid cell. The statement that is not true is 4). the observations suggest cellular reproduction and general growth and repair of the body.

Observed prepared slides:

haploid cells in one slide.

centromeres that did not separate during anaphase in another slide.

cell divisions resulting in 4 daughter cells in other slides.

According to this information, we can assume that the students are observing the occurrence of meiosis events.

Meiosis

Through Meiosis, a diploid cell (2n) produces four haploid daughter cells (n). Thes haploid cells are the gametes.

After DNA replication there are two meiotic phases.

The first one is a reductive phase, in which homologous chromosomes separate.

In the second phase, the cell suffers a new, not reductive division.

1. In the first phase, Meiosis I:

Prophase I: Chromosomes condensate and become visible. Occurs crossing-over between homologous chromosomes. Crossin-over makes the daughter cells to be genetically different from the original one.

Metaphase I: Homologous chromosomes randomly align in the equatorial plane.

Anaphase I: In this phase occurs the division and independent separation of homologous pairs. Each chromosome migrates to different poles. This separation generates different chromosomal combinations in the daughter cells.

Telophase I: Chromosomes of homologous pairs are already in the corresponding poles, and the nuclear membrane forms again in each pole.

Cytokinesis occurs.

2. In the second phase, Meiosis II:

Prophase II: Chromosomes condensate again and become visible.

Metaphase II: Chromosomes join the spindle apparatus and migrate to the equatorial plane, where they randomly line up. Sister chromatids are holden together until they reach the Anaphase.

Anaphase II: Centromeres divide, chromatids get separated, and each of them goes forward an opposite cellular pole.

Telophase II: Once in the poles, the chromosomes become lax again, and the nuclear membrane forms again.

Cytokinesis occurs.

Options

1.) the slides were of an egg cell or sperm cell ⇒ Correct. It makes reference to gametes -haploid cells-.

2.) the process observed produce genetically different cells ⇒ Correct. After crossing over and independent segregation of chromosomes.

3.) the number of chromosomes resulting from the process is reduced by half ⇒ Correct. After the reductive phase.

4.) the observations suggest cellular reproduction and general growth and repair of the body. ⇒ INCORRECT. Mitosis is in charge of general growth and repair of the body, not meiosis.

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