. is the self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms; it is the main constituent of chromosomes and the carrier of genetic information. 2. is used in all steps of protein synthesis and carries the genetic information of many viruses. 3. The is the most prominent membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells, and it houses most of a cell's DNA. 4. The is the two-layered membrane that encases the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm. 5. A protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm is called a . 6. The round body that sits inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and makes ribosomal subunits from proteins and ribosomal RNA is known as the . 7. are tightly coiled bundles of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells.

DNA is present in nearly all living organisms. It has the capacity to replicate itself and also the capacity to be transcribed into RNA. The latter contains the genetic codes that are usually translated during protein synthesis.

The nucleus is the most prominent, membrane-bound (nuclear membrane) organelle in the eukaryotic cell. The nuclear membrane has a special pore, the nuclear pore, through which molecules can be transported between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

Within the nucleus is the nucleolus, a spherical structure whose primary function is to make ribosomal subunits. The genetic materials in the nucleus are in the form of chromatin, a decondensed protein-DNA complex.