Before the rise of nationalism, people were identified on the basis of a village or region.
What is nationalism?
Nationalism is a concept that gives each of the citizens belonging to a particular country, as an identity of such nation. For example, a person belonging from Mumbai is regarded as an Indian.
Before nationalism came to the rise, people had the identity of a village or the region that they belonged to.
Hence, option A; states that people were identified as primarily belonging to a village or region before the rise of nationalism.
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