Question

A strontium atom differs from a strontium ion in that the atom has a greater 1. number of electrons 2. number of protons 3. atomic number 4. atomic mass

Answer 1

A strontium atom differ from a strontium ion in that the atom has a greater NUMBER OF PROTONS.
Every atom is made up of three particles, which are proton, neutron and electron. The proton and the neutrons are located inside the nucleus and they do not take part in chemical reactions, it is only electron that takes part in bond formation and chemical reaction.
Strontium has atomic number of 38, that means, it has 38 electrons, 38 protons and 38 neutrons.
Strontium has two electrons in its outermost shell, in order to attain octet form, strontium will donate these two electrons in a chemical reaction. By the time strontium donate two electrons, it will become a cation and has a charge of +2. At this state, strontium only has 36 electrons while the number of proton and neutron remain 38, thus, the atom has a greater number of protons.

Answer 2

A strontium atom differs from strontium ion in that the atom has a greater $\boxed{{\text{1}}{\text{. number of electrons}}}$

Further explanation:

Further explanation:

The smallest particle that is the building block of matter is known as an atom. Most of the space in an atom is empty, and its mass is concentrated inside a small region called the nucleus.

An atom is written as $_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X}}$, where A is the mass number, Z is the atomic number and X is the letter symbol of the element.

Protons, electrons, and neutrons are the three subatomic particles that are present in the atom. The Protons and neutrons present in an atom are collectively called nucleons because these are located in the nucleus of the atom. The electrons present around the nucleus revolve in a fixed orbits.

The positively charged subatomic particle is called proton. It is equal to the atomic number (Z) of the element.

Electron is the negatively charged subatomic particle. The number of electrons present in an atom is equal to the number of protons of an atom in a neutral atom.

The subatomic particle with no charge is called neutron. It is situated within the nucleus. The number of neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom is called the neutron number. Atomic mass or mass number is the total number of nucleons within the atomic nucleus. So if the atomic number or the proton number is known, the number of neutrons can be calculated by the difference of mass number (A) and atomic number (Z).

Atomic number (Z) is equal to the number of protons that are present in the nucleus of the atom.

Atomic mass (A) is the total number of nucleons that are present within the atomic nucleus of the atom.

Ions are the species that are formed either due to loss or gain of electrons.

A neutral atom, when accepts an electron, gets converted into negatively charged species, known as an anion. In that case, the number of electrons becomes more than the number of protons in the atom.

The formation of anion occurs as follows:

 ${\text{X}}\left({{\text{Neutral atom}}}\right)+{e^-}\to{{\text{X}}^-}\left({{\text{Anion}}}\right)$

A neutral atom, when loses an electron, gets converted into positively charged species, known as a cation. In that case, the number of electrons becomes less than the number of protons in the atom.

The formation of cation occurs as follows:

${\text{X}}\left({{\text{Neutral atom}}}\right)-{e^-}\to {{\text{X}}^+}\left({{\text{Cation}}}\right)$

The atomic number of strontium is 38. Therefore it has 38 protons and 38 electrons in its neutral state. The electronic configuration of strontium atom is $\left[{{\text{Kr}}}\right]\;5{s^2}$. It can lose the two electrons present in 5s orbital to achieve the stable noble gas configuration of krypton and forms a divalent cation, ${\text{S}}{{\text{r}}^{2+}}$. The electronic configuration of strontium ion is $\left[{{\text{Kr}}}\right]\;5{s^0}$.

(1) Strontium atom (Sr) has 38 electrons in it while strontium ion $\left({{\text{S}}{{\text{r}}^{2+}}}\right)$ has 36 electrons in it. So the atom has a greater number of electrons than that in its ion and therefore this statement (1) is correct.

(2) Both strontium atom and strontium ion have the same number of protons (38). So this statement (2) is incorrect.

(3) Both strontium atom and strontium ion have the same atomic number (38). So this statement (3) is incorrect.

(4) Both strontium atom and strontium ion have the same atomic mass (87.62). So this statement (4) is incorrect.

Learn more:

1. The subatomic particle with the least mass: https://brainly.com/question/2224691

2. Bohr’s model of the atom: https://brainly.com/question/2965079

Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Atomic structure

Keywords: strontium atom, strontium ion, electrons, protons, atomic number, atomic mass¸ differ, greater, atom, ion, electronic configuration, krypton, two electrons, 5s orbital, 38, Sr, Sr2+.