The name that is given to the shortest distance that exists between a line of action of a force and the pivot is the perpendicular distance.
It should be noted that the perpendicular distance refers to the distance from one point to another that exists between two objects.
The perpendicular distance is known as the shortest distance that's between a point and a line. When there are two distinct lines that intersect each other at 90°, the lines are perpendicular lines.
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