Answer:
D. Tornado.
Explanation:
A limiting factor can be defined as any environmental condition or force (resources) that is capable of affecting the growth rate, distribution and size of a population of living organisms within an ecosystem.
Basically, limiting factors are divided into two (2) main categories and these are;
I. Density-dependent limiting factor.
II. Density-independent limiting factor.
A density-independent limiting factor can be defined as the environmental factors which affect or limit the growth (size) of a population of living organisms irrespective of the population density i.e number of individual organism per unit area.
Some examples of density-independent limiting factors are earthquakes, flood, hurricane, tsunami, wildfire, volcanic eruptions, environmental pollutants, droughts etc.
Hence, a tornado is a density-independent limiting factor because it is abiotic and can kill all the living organisms irrespective of the population density.
