Two students were discussing inheritance in science class. Both students knew that genes and chromosomes had something to do with human inheritance. The students came up with four explanations of what genes do in the process of inheritance. Which is the best explanation of what genes do?

Genes make chromosomes and chromosomes make up our organs, which give us the traits we inherit.
Genes directly cause physical changes to our chromosomes; then the chromosomes produce our traits.
Genes directly cause physical changes on our cells’ nuclei. The nuclei then produce our traits.
Genes are part of chromosomes and genes provide the instructions to cells on how to make our traits.

The correct answer would be that genes are part of chromosomes and genes provide the instructions to cells on how to make our traits.

Generally, the chromosome is a component of the genome that carries the genes. Depending on the organism, a chromosome can carry as many as thousands of genes at a time. Each gene is a factor or a set of instructions that control a particular trait of the cell or the organism. Every trait of a cell/an organism is controlled by a gene or multiple genes.