What steps should city managers and SAIC have taken at an early stage of the project to identify and prevent fraud?

City Managers and SAIC should have avoided Switching of contract from a fixed-price contract to a time and material contracts this made the project cost to be spiraled out of control.

city managers should have have avoided the switch in the terms of the contract and also implemented a project oversight that way they will identify and prevent fraud from those involved

Explanation:

To prevent fraud one needs to identify the fraud at first . therefore the steps that should be taken by city managers and SAIC in other to Identify and prevent fraud includes ;

City Managers and SAIC should have avoided Switching of contract from a fixed-price contract to a time and material contracts this made the project cost to be spiraled out of control.

city managers should have have avoided the switch in the terms of the contract and also implemented a project oversight that way they will identify and prevent fraud from those involved