Complete question:
1. In Model 1 a pathogen (virus, bacteria, foreign protein, parasite) has entered the bloodstream of an individual. Describe the symbol that represents the pathogen.
3. Another type of white blood cell that is involved in the cell-mediated response is a helper T-cell.
a. Draw the symbol that represents the helper T-cell in Model 1.
b. In your drawing above, circle the specialized surface proteins on the helper T-cell.
Answer:
1. The pathogen is the one with the "star-like" symbol
3. a) The helper T-cell is represented like a Circle with the Th wrote inside.
b) The surface protein on the Th cell is the symbol that looks like this ⊥
or T Th cells.
Note: All the symbols are shown in the attached file.
Explanation:
- Pathogens: These are invading the bloodstream, so you can see them among the white cells, and too many of them.
- Macrophages are one of the different types of white globules involved in the organism's defense against strange substances and pathogen agents. These cells are the principal actors in the immune response.
- Macrophages are the principal phagocytes of tissues, capable of recognizing different strange molecules that penetrate the organism, such as bacterias, parasites, and viruses. Macrophages phagocyte these substances and eliminate them, a process known as phagocytosis. Macrophages also have the capability of inducing an adaptative immune response. Macrophages show the antigens on their surfaces where they are recognized by lymphocytes.
- Helper T-cell: T-Lymphocytes are in charge of the regulation of the immune system. T-cells are the helper cells that coordinate the initial response in front of the pathogen. There are three types of helper T-cells: TH1 (lymphocyte T helper), TH2, and TH17. TH1 cells are highly effective during the elimination of intracellular pathogens.
