Question

Do you notice a pattern in the charge for elements in each group? Explain.

(Hint: relate to number of valence electrons and the octet rule)

Answer 1

Answer:

Below are some patterns in the charge for elements in each group.

Group 1 elements : 1 valence electron and form ions with charge +1

Group 2 elements : 2 valence electrons and form ions with charge + 2

Group 3 elements : 3 valence electrons and form ions with charge + 3(there are some exceptions as well)

Elements in groups 4 and 5 are unpredictable also the D block elements consist of multiple oxidation states..

Group 6 elements : 6 valence electrons, form ions with charge -2

Group 7 elements: 7 valence electrons, form ions with charge -1  

The octet rule is being followed, the elements form either ionic bond or covalent bond to fulfill it.

eg: when a K atom forms a K+ ion, the ion has the same electron configuration as the noble gas Ar (argon).

When an O atom gains 2 electrons to form the O²⁻ ion, the ion has the same electron configuration as the noble gas Ne (neon).  

Note: Boron (B) is in Group 3 but doesn't form ions.

Answer 2

A noticeable pattern in the charge for elements in each group of the periodic table is that: Elements in the same group have the same charge.

Discussion:

The pattern in the charge for elements in each group is characterized by the adoption of the same charge for elements in the same group irrespective of the period they are situated in.

An example is evident in the alkali metal, halogen and alkali Earth metals group.

The alkali metals lose their only Valence electron, to assume the octet configuration of the preceeding noble gas.

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