Respuesta :
Answer: Enzyme is a special kind of protein which conducts the catalysis of the reaction and speed up the rate of the reaction.
Explanation:
The change in shape of the enzyme will distort or change the shape of the active site of the enzyme thus the enzyme will not be able to bind to the specific substrate and no enzyme substrate complex will be formed so the enzyme will become non-function and will not conduct the catalysis of the reaction. Hence, no product will be formed as no reaction will occur. The high pH and temperature will distort the shape of the enzyme and the active site of the enzyme.
Changes in pH and temperature affect enzymatic activity. Any deviation from the optimum pH level or an increase of temperature over the optimum level denaturalizes the enzyme, and loses its catalytic activity.
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Enzymes, like all proteins, are polypeptidic molecules. They need to get an accurate tridimensional structure to accomplish their function.
There is a limited temperature and pH level at which they lose that structure and denaturalize.
• pH changes
The most accurate configuration for the best catalytic performance depends on the charge of the lateral chains and the environmental pH.
Enzymes have ionizable chemical groups in the lateral chains of their amino acids.
Depending on the environmental pH, these groups will have a positive, negative, or neutral charge.
There is an optimum pH level at which enzymes get the best configuration to accomplish their functions.
Most enzymes are sensitive to any change in pH, which might drastically affect their activity.
So every enzyme has its optimum pH level, and any slight deviations will cause the enzyme denaturalization, hence, its activity loss.
• Temperature changes
In general, the increase in temperature accelerates chemical reactions.
For every 10ºC of temperature increase, the reaction velocity duplicates.
The optimum temperature is the range in which the enzyme expresses its highest activity rate.
⇒ When the environmental temperature is lower than the optimum, there is a slow enzymatic activity.
⇒ When the temperature exceeds the optimum point, the enzymatic activity sharply decreases. It denaturalizes the enzyme. Over this level, the reaction velocity is counteracted by the loss of the catalytic activity due to denaturalization. Enzymatic activity decreases until it completely annulates.
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