Answer:
It increased literacy and spread ideas.
Explanation:
The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg around 1448 led to a huge change in the way people get access to books and other literary works. The invention not only increased the number of books or printed copies to the masses, but it also helped increase the accessibility of these books, propagating an increased interest in reading.
The invention also helped many poorer sections of the masses to gain access to books and read. It helped in spreading ideas and also increased the literacy rate of the people. Moreover, this led to the common people to be at par with the richer ones, for books were previously only accessible to the rich but now, even the poorer sections can get them.
Thus, the correct answer is the fourth or last option.