Use the passage below to answer all parts of the question that follows.

“On behalf of the king and queen of Spain, we notify you that the pope has donated to them these islands and lands and all who have received this notice should receive and serve their Highnesses as subjects ought to do.

We ask that you acknowledge the Church and the pope as the ruler of the whole world. We ask further that you acknowledge that the king and queen of Spain shall rule as lords and kings of these islands and lands by virtue of the pope’s donation. If you obey your king and queen, you will do well and we shall receive you with all love and charity and shall leave you, your wives, your children, and your lands free without servitude.

But, if you do not obey, we shall powerfully enter into your country, and shall make war against you and shall subject you to the yoke and obedience of the Church and the king and queen of Spain. We shall take you, your wives, and your children and make all of you slaves and we shall take away your goods. We assert that the deaths and losses that would accrue from this are your fault, and not that of their Highnesses, or ours, nor of these soldiers who come with us.”

“The Demand” (Requerimiento), document issued by the Spanish royal council of Castile in 1510. Spanish conquistadors were legally required to read the document aloud to indigenous Americans before taking their land.

a) Describe ONE way in which the document reflects the specific historical situation of Spain’s maritime exploration and colonization in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries.

b) Explain ONE political development in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries that would likely explain why the king and queen of Spain highlighted the donation mentioned in the first and second paragraphs.

c) Explain ONE instance in which the Spanish resorted to the type of actions threatened in the third paragraph.

The document reflects the oppression that Spanish colonization had imposed on the dominated regions. The Protestant Reformation reinforced the need to highlight that the lands were donated to Spain by the Pope, which specified that region as Catholic territory. The Spaniards resorted to threats in the document, to justify violent actions as necessary for those who violated the Pope's order, which was seen as a sanctity that should be obeyed.

We can arrive at these answers because:

European imperialism was carried out with a lot of oppression, where European nations oppressed, suppressed, and exploited the dominated nations in search of wealth.
This oppression was carried out by Spain in its colonized territories and was done as a way to maintain control and dominion in the region.
Control and dominion were also maintained based on religious concepts and it was very important to establish the region that would be followed in colonial terms, especially after the Protestant Reformation.
This is because colonials that were not established as Catholics could be usurped as Protestants and this would weaken Catholicism and Catholic nations.
In addition to the intense control, European nations did not want to be seen as cruel and outside Christian precepts. However, they knew that the natives could retaliate and that they would cause Spain to decimate them without mercy.
For this reason, they used threats as a warning, to inform them that the natives had the option to obey, but decided to bring about their own death by disobeying the Spanish crown.

Imperialism was a very violent system, which provided riches to Europe, but troubled the colonies.

More information on the Protestant Reformation at:

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