Answer:
Following the revolution, American leaders were in conflict over the function of the Federal Government.
The Federalists were in favor of a strong Federal Government that could raise taxes, and keep an standing army, in order to protect the union, help the colonies develop, and fend off any possible foreign intervention.
The Anti-Federalists were in favor of a weak Federal Government, that could not hold any powers without the explicit content of all the member colonies. They wanted to protect the colonies (or states) rights, and also the individual rights.