Question

Drag labels to the appropriate locations in this diagram.
• Drag labels to targets in Group 1 to identify the main functions of membrane proteins.
• Drag labels to targets in Group 2 to identify some components associated with the plasma membrane.

Answer 1

Answer:

c = Enzymatic activity

e = Attachment to ECM and cytoskeleton

f = Signal reception and relay

g = Transport

h = Intercellular junctions

i = Cell-cell recognition

a = Phospholipid bilayer

b = Fibers of extracellular matrix (ECM)

d = Microfilaments of cytoskeletons

Explanation:

c) Enzymatic activity is an indication of the amount of active enzymes present to increase a reaction rate

e) Attachment to ECM and cytoskeleton is enabled by integrins that take signals from the ECM and control signaling pathways of the cell

f) Signal reception and relay is the transduction of signal

g) Transport is the movement of matter in and out of the cell through the cell membrane

h) Intercellular junctions are the contact regions between adjacent cells and plasma membrane

i) Cell-cell recognition is power of the cell to decipher the different neighboring cells in the cell's environment

a) Phospholipid bilayer consists of a hydrophobic interior and a hydrophilic exterior

b) Fibers of extracellular matrix (ECM) are ECM associated the cell

d) Microfilaments of cytoskeletons consist of actin and aid in cellular movement.

Answer 2

Membrane proteins accomplish many different functions related to intracellular activities and intercellular communication. C) Enzymatic activity / E) Attachment to ECM and cytoskeleton / F) Signal reception and relay / G) Transport / H) Intercellular junctions / I) Cell-cell recognition / A) Phospholipid bilayer / B) Fibers of extracellular matrix (ECM) / D) Microfilaments of cytoskeletons.

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The cell membrane is composed of two lipidic bilayers, cholesterol, proteins, and glucans incrusted in between.

Among the proteins, we can find integral proteins and peripheric proteins.

• Integral proteins are permanently associated with the membrane. They accomplish many different functions such as substances transport, cellular receptors, cellular adhesion, catalitic activities, among others.

According to how they are incrusted in the lipidic bilayer, integral proteins might be,

→ Monotypic integral proteins ⇒ attached to only one of the lipidic layers

→ Transmembrane proteins ⇒  span the entire membrane                                              

All the proteins shown in the image are transmembrane proteins.

 

• Protein C is an enzyme. Enzymes are catalytic molecules or polypeptides that accelerate different natural chemical reactions. They have specific binding sites to substrate molecules and turn them into product molecules.

• Protein E is in charge of the cell Attachment to ECM and cytoskeleton. Cells get attached to the extracellular matrix through membrane proteins or glycoproteins known as CAM, which are Cell Adhesión Molecules or Cell adhesion proteins.

• Protein F is acting as a receptor. Cells communicate with each other by sending signal molecules that are received by membrane receptors. Through them, the signal molecule triggers a response in the receptor cell.

• Proteins G are representing channel and carrier proteins. These membrane molecules assist passive and active transport through the membrane, respectively.

• Membrane proteins are also in charge of cell recognition, junction, and neighboring. These proteins are represented as proteins H and I.  

• As mentioned before, the cell membrane is composed of a lipidic bilayer (A). Phospholipids are arranged with their hydrophilic heads facing the exterior and the interior of the cells, while their hydrophobic tails are against each other in the interlayer space.

• The extracellular matrix (B) has fibrillar proteins of different nature that vary according to the tissue.  The ECM is also composed of many proteins. These fibers, proteins, and other molecules are closely associated with the cell.

• The microfilaments (D) interact with the myosin filaments associated with transmembrane proteins that have one domain in the cytosol and another in the cell exterior. Therefore, they participate in the processes of cell mobility.

According to this, we can say that C) Enzymatic activity / E) Attachment to ECM and cytoskeleton / F) Signal reception and relay /G) Transport / H) Intercellular junctions /I) Cell-cell recognition / A) Phospholipid bilayer / B) Fibers of extracellular matrix (ECM) / D) Microfilaments of cytoskeletons.

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