Answer:
a. 12.1 %
b. 8.41%
Explanation:
a. The arithmetic average annual return on large-company stocks in nominal terms is already stated in the table as 12.1%.
This is because it was not yet adjusted for inflation making it nominal.
b. The arithmetic average annual return on large-company stocks in real terms can be expressed by;
Real Return = [(1 + Nominal rate) / (1 + Inflation rate)] - 1
= (( 1 + 12.1%) / ( 1 + 3.4%)) - 1
= (1.121/1.034) - 1
= 1.0841 - 1
= 8.41%