One of the oldest debates in economics is whether a currency should have a fixed or floating exchange rate. There is no single solution that fits all economies. The choice of an exchange rate system depends on many factors, including the openness to international trade, maturity of the financial system, inflation, labor market flexibility, and credibility of policymakers.
Consider two countries, Opland and Lovenia. Opland is a small, open economy with a large share of its national output created through trade. Lovenia has much higher inflation than its trading partners.
In the following table, indicate the exchange-rate system that would be more beneficial for each country.
Pegged (Fixed) Exchange Rates Flexible Exchange Rates
Opland
Lovenia

A flexible or floating exchange rate for Opland allows the market economy to determine the prevailing exchange rate between it and Lovenia, for instance. The market forces of demand and supply interacting in an open and mature financial system ensure that the appropriate exchange is established at each transaction point. In such a system, the credibility of policymakers is not under question, and the market enjoys labor flexibility with low inflation.

On the other hand, Lovenia, suffering from hyperinflation due to lack of investor confidence in its economy, will not be able to operate a floating exchange rate. It needs to rein on inflation by fixing the exchange rates for transactions with other nations in order to stop capital flight.