Question

The average life a manufacturer's blender is 5 years, with a standard deviation of 1 year. Assuming that the lives of these blenders follow approximately a normal distribution, find the probability that the mean life a random sample of 9 such blenders falls between 4.5 and 5.1 years.

Answer 1

Answer:

55.11% probability that the mean life a random sample of 9 such blenders falls between 4.5 and 5.1 years.

Step-by-step explanation:

To solve this question, we need to understand the normal probability distribution and the central limit theorem.

Normal probability distribution

When the distribution is normal, we use the z-score formula.

In a set with mean $\mu$ and standard deviation $\sigma$, the zscore of a measure X is given by:

$Z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}$

The Z-score measures how many standard deviations the measure is from the mean. After finding the Z-score, we look at the z-score table and find the p-value associated with this z-score. This p-value is the probability that the value of the measure is smaller than X, that is, the percentile of X. Subtracting 1 by the pvalue, we get the probability that the value of the measure is greater than X.

Central Limit Theorem

The Central Limit Theorem estabilishes that, for a normally distributed random variable X, with mean $\mu$ and standard deviation $\sigma$, the sampling distribution of the sample means with size n can be approximated to a normal distribution with mean $\mu$ and standard deviation $s = \frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}$.

For a skewed variable, the Central Limit Theorem can also be applied, as long as n is at least 30.

In this question:

$\mu = 5, \sigma = 1, n = 9, s = \frac{1}{\sqrt{9}} = 0.3333$

Find the probability that the mean life a random sample of 9 such blenders falls between 4.5 and 5.1 years.

This is the pvalue of Z when X = 5.1 subtracted by the pvalue of Z when X = 4.5. So

X = 5.1

$Z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}$

By the Central Limit Theorem

$Z = \frac{X - \mu}{s}$

$Z = \frac{5.1 - 5}{0.3333}$

$Z = 0.3$

$Z = 0.3$ has a pvalue of 0.6179

X = 4.5

$Z = \frac{X - \mu}{s}$

$Z = \frac{4.5 - 5}{0.3333}$

$Z = -1.5$

$Z = -1.5$ has a pvalue of 0.0668

0.6179 - 0.0668 = 0.5511

55.11% probability that the mean life a random sample of 9 such blenders falls between 4.5 and 5.1 years.