Question

Transcription of the developmental gene M is influenced by two different proteins: B and H. Studies of single and double mutants generated the following information:
In mutants lacking B, transcription of M does occur
In mutants lacking H, transcription of M does not occur.
In double mutants lacking B and H, transcription of M does occur.
Based on this information, put these genes in order in a developmental pathway. Use arrows and t-bars between the genes as appropriate. Choose the correct identity of each below.
Gene 1 1st Symbol Gene 2 2nd Symbol Outcome

Answer 1

Answer:

B --I H >> M transcribed

Explanation:  

Reverse genetics is a classical approach used in molecular genetics to elucidate gene function in a signaling gene network. This technique consists of producing loss of function mutations in genes of interest in order to analyze their phenotypic effects in the downstream signaling pathway.  

In this case, the mutation in B didn't affect the expression of the developmental gene M, together with the other mutant lines, this experiment indicates that B is a downstream suppressor of H (since further experiments show that B plays a role in the signaling pathway). Moreover, the mutation in the gene H affects the expression of M, thereby showing that H acts as a downstream activator of M. Finally, B-H double mutants did neither affect the expression of M, thereby showing that M transcription is dependent of the interaction between B and H.

Answer 2

Knowing that proteins B and H interact with each other, and they influence the expression of the M gene, we can propose the following  developmental pathway      B gene  --|  H gene >>  M gene

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Gene pathways refer to the regulation of genes expression by turning them on and off. Many genes and proteins might be involved in this process, each of them playing significant roles in the signaling pathway.

Available data:

• The transcription of gene M depends on proteins H and B
• If protein B is lacking, gene M is transcripted
• If protein H is lackin, gene M is not transcripted
• If B and H are lackin, gene M is transcripted

According to this information, we can assume that,

• The mutation in protein B did not influence the transcription of the gene M because even when B is lacking, the gene is transcripted anyway.

• However, we can see that H affected M transcription. The mutation in the H protein influenced the gene transcription.

• Mutations in proteins H and B did not influence the transcription of the M gene because, in the absence of both proteins, the gene was expressed.

• Probably proteins B and H interact with each other, and this interaction influences the M gene transcription.

The developmental pathway is then as follows,

B gene  --|  H gene >>  M gene

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