Question

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1911

THE MATCH

There never was a time when the world was without fire, but there was a time when men did not know how to kindle fire; and after they learned how to kindle one, it was a long, long time before they learned how to kindle one easily. In these days we can kindle a fire without any trouble, because we can easily get a match; but we must remember that the match is one of the most wonderful things in the world, and that it took men thousands of years to learn how to make one. Let us learn the history of this familiar little object, the match.

Fire was first given to man by nature itself. When a forest is set on fire by cinders from a neighboring volcano, or when a tree is set ablaze by a thunderbolt, we may say that nature strikes a match. In the early history of the world, nature had to kindle all the fires, for man by his own effort was unable to produce a spark. The first method, then, of getting fire for use was to light sticks of wood at a flame kindled by nature—by a volcano, perhaps, or by a stroke of lightning. These firebrands were carried to the home and used in kindling the fires there. The fire secured in this way was carefully guarded and was kept burning as long as possible. But the flame, however faithfully watched, would sometimes be extinguished. A sudden gust of wind or a sudden shower would put it out. Then a new firebrand would have to be secured, and this often meant a long journey and a deal of trouble.

In 1827, John Walker, a druggist in a small English town, tipped a splint with sulphur, chlorate of potash, and sulphid of antimony, and rubbed it on sandpaper, and it burst into flame. The druggist had discovered the first friction-chemical match, the kind we use to-day. It is called friction-chemical because it is made by mixing certain chemicals together and rubbing them. Although Walker's match did not require the bottle of acid, nevertheless it was not a good one. It could be lighted only by hard rubbing, and it sputtered and threw fire in all directions. In a few years, however, phosphorus was substituted on the tip for antimony, and the change worked wonders. The match could now be lighted with very little rubbing, and it was no longer necessary to have sandpaper upon which to rub it. It would ignite when rubbed on any dry surface, and there was no longer any sputtering. This was the phosphorus match, the match with which we are so familiar.
How does the author develop the idea that humanity’s early fire-starting tools may have been dangerous? Please explain on three to five sentences, using evidence from the text to support your answer.

Answer 1

Answer:

1. The purpose of the line "In these days we can kindle a fire without any trouble, because we can easily get a match..." is to imply the main idea of the article. The statement that we can easily kindle fire today implies that there was a time when it wasn't so easy. That is why people had to figure out a way to kindle a fire without looking for a natural source. All of this supports the article's main idea, that match was a brilliant invention, which we shouldn't take for granted.

2. This line shows the need for matches. People had troubles with finding the fire, but it got even harder because any fire can easily get extinguished. This proves there was an urgent need to find a way to kindle fire without having to resort to nature at all times. The line doesn't show how dependable nature is - on the contrary, it shows that humans had to find a way to not depend on it. It doesn't show how people got the fire, or how long it took to make matches. 

3. The correct answer is thesaurus. It is not an encyclopedia or an ordinary dictionary, but a dictionary of synonyms, that is words with similar meanings. It also contains antonyms (words with opposite meanings) and words with related meanings. When we don't know what a word means, we use a dictionary or an encyclopedia (or Wikipedia, for that matter). However, when we know its meaning, but are looking for a more appropriate word, we use a thesaurus.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Explanation:

The purpose of the line "In these days we can kindle a fire without any trouble, because we can easily get a match..." is to imply the main idea of the article. The statement that we can easily kindle fire today implies that there was a time when it wasn't so easy. That is why people had to figure out a way to kindle a fire without looking for a natural source. All of this supports the article's main idea, that match was a brilliant invention, which we shouldn't take for granted.