Answer:
Supplies and inventory related to R&D activities and new-product sales
Explanation:
In the given scenario Apple has reported a research and development expense of $10,045 million in 2016.
Only items related exclusively to reasearch and development activities will be included in this amount. This will include:
-Salaries and wages for R and D staff
-Costs of applying for FDA approval
-Depreciation on equipment used in experiments
These are exclusively for R and D purposes.
However Supplies and inventory related to R&D activities and new-product sales, also includes sales activities. So it will not be part of the R and D expense.