Cartilage is composed of chondrocytes and chondroblasts, immersed into the extracellular matrix. When the tissue is fixated, lacunae are also visible.
Bone formation involves osteoprogenitor cells, osteoclasts, osteocytes in lacunae, osteoblasts, extracellular matrix, and central ducts.
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Cartilage and bone are two specialized types of connective tissues.
Cartilage cells are
- Chondrocytes → placed in small places of extracellular matrix with collagen fibers.
- Chondroblasts → are in charge of the extracellular matrix formation.
When fixating a piece of tissue, the cells shrink by cytoplasm retraction, leaving a space between the cell and the extracellular matrix. This space is known as lacune or condroplast.
Once the chondroblast secreted the extracellular matrix, they turn less active, becoming Chondrocytes. These cells are bigger-sized and ovoid-shaped. Central chondrocytes arrange in small groups.
Cartilage does not have vessels, so cells nourish through nutrients that diffuse through the matrix.
Cartilage extracellular matrix is composed of fibrous proteins that provide stability -Type II collagen- and deformation resistance -GAGs-. This tissue is rigid but provides flexible support to specific regions. It places in areas where there is constant and direct compression. It is also involved in the endochondral ossification process.
Bone tissue differentiates from other tissues because of the mineralized extracellular matrix. This tissue provides support and protection due to the rigidity and hardness of the matrix. The bone cells are:
- Osteocytes
- Osteoprogenitores → in charge of osteoblasts production
- Osteoblasts → Synthesize and secrete osteoid matrix that will later calcify
- Osteoclasts → Phagocytic cells in charge of osseous resorption and bone modulation.
Among the matrix, there are spaces called lacunae. Each lacuna contains an osteocyte.
Osteoprogenitor cells produce osteoblast cells. When the extracellular matrix mineralizes, some of the osteoblasts get trapped in lacunae and turn into osteocytes. Nexus union canaliculus joint trapped osteoblasts and osteocytes.
In compact tissue, the bony matrix is arranged into concentric superposed laminae, with lacunae and osteocytes can be found in between. These laminae are arranged around a central longitudinal canal. The whole unit -matrix, lacunae, and canal- compose the osteone.
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