Question

What happens during translation?
A. Each strand of DNA is used as a template to produce a
complementary strand of DNA.
B. Codons coded in the mRNA are used to produce a string of amino
acids.
C. Each strand of DNA is used as a template to produce a
complementary strand of mRNA.
D. Each strand of DNA is used as a template to produce a strand of
DNA with the same sequence of bases.

Answer 1

Answer:

C

Explanation:

Answer 2

The transport of amino acids to the ribosome, where they are assembled into the polypeptide chain, is part of this process. After that, they will form proteins somewhere in the cytoplasm. This process is carried out by t RNA and occurs in stages.

What are the steps involved in translation?

• Activation of amino acids: The enzyme complex AMP is formed when aminoacyl synthetases mediate an amino acid (AA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

• Transfer of amino acid to transfer RNA: The enzyme above the complex reacts with the specific t RNA. As a result, an amino acid is transferred into t RNA, releasing the enzyme and AMP.

• Polypeptide chain initiation: The charged transfer RNA moves to the ribosome. It starts at the 5'-end of m RNA in the presence of an initiation factor. The ribosome is made up of two subunits: large and small. To complete the initiation complex, the m RNA binds to the small subunit, and the large subunit binds to the small subunit. The two binding sites in large subunits are the aminoacyl t RNA binding site (A site) and the peptidyl site (P site).

• Expansion: In the P site, the first codon m RNA binds with the anticodon of the methionyl t RNA complex. The other aminoacyl t RNA complex, which contains the necessary amino acids, enters the ribosome and attaches to the A site. When the anticodon binds to the second codon in the m RNA in the presence of an enzyme called peptidyl transferase, a peptide bond is formed between the first and second amino acids.

• When the first amino acids and the t RNA are broken, the t RNA is removed from the P site, and the second t RNA from the A-side is pulled to the P site along with the m RNA.

• Termination: One of the three-terminal codons-UAG, UGA, or UAA-signals the end. After signaling, the polypeptide chain, t RNA, and m RNA release the ribosome subunits dissociated.

Thus, we can conclude that option C, Each strand of DNA is used as a template to produce a complementary strand of mRNA is correct.

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