The correct answer to this open question is the following.
One way in which policies or monarchs and leaders withstood challenges in the period 1450 to 1750 was because they were absolute rulers of their kingdoms. Absolutism was the factor that favored them because it gave them total and absolute power to exert their will over their territories and people. AS they demanded absolute obedience to their subjects, no act of rebellion was tolerated was heavily punished, even with death. This absolute power helped kings to withstand challenges in the period 1450 to 1750 and to have the allegiance of their kingdoms.
Monarchs and leaders withstood challenges in this period as they had supreme autocratic authority.
It should be noted that absolute monarchy simply means a form of monarchy where the monarch has authority over their subjects.
Monarchs and leaders withstood challenges in the period 1450 to 1750 because they were absolute rulers of their kingdoms. They practiced centralized authority and had absolute sovereignty. Therefore, they had absolute power to do whatever they wanted.
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