Question

A forest has many trees and bushes that produce nuts. This is a major food source for many species, including a particular bird. Birds of this species have a variety in beak shapes ranging from long and pointy to short and hard. The birds with short and hard beaks are able to eat the nuts better than the birds with long and pointy beaks. What do you expect to happen to this population of birds over time, in terms of what you know about evolution? Address all four principles of natural selection in your explanation.

Answer 1

Answer: There are four principles at work in evolution—variation, inheritance, selection and time. These are considered the components of the evolutionary mechanism of natural selection. After a while the birds will get old and their beaks will get weaker, eventually they will die, when there is a shortage of food they will start harming each other in order for it, that’s selection.

Answer 2

Birds with short, hard beaks can eat nuts more efficiently than birds with long, pointy beaks.

The following would happen to a population of birds with short and hard beaks over time:

• The rivalry( more birds than food)
• Birds with short beaks are more likely to survive.
• Birds with short beaks live longer lives and reproduce more.

What is evolution?

Evolution in biology is the change in a species' characteristics over several generations that is based on natural selection.

What is natural selection?

Natural selection theory states that individuals who are less adapted to their environment are eliminated and those who are better adapted are selected by nature.

Principles of natural selection

4 principles of natural selection are as follows:

Variation:

• Individuals in all species differ in their genetic makeup, resulting in many variations in their physical features.
• Individuals within a population differ from one another.

Inheritance:

• Individuals pass on some of their genetic material to their children, and parents pass on their characteristics to their children.

Selection:

• Some people have inherited traits (genes) that enable them to live longer or have more children.
• These offspring are more likely to survive and have children of their own.
• As a result, their genes spread throughout the population; some variants reproduce more than others.

Time:

• The selection causes changes in species over time. These modifications may take days, decades, or millions of years to take effect; successful variations accumulate over time.

Thus, we can conclude that the 4 principles of natural selection are variation, inheritance, selection, and time and birds with short and hard beaks will compete against each other and the most suitable will survive.

You can learn more about natural selection here:

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