This question is missing the options. I've found the complete question online. It is as follows:
Imagine that at the beginning of each fall semester, Direct Supply, a company that has its headquarters here in Milwaukee, sponsors the Lubar School's Back to Business picnic to welcome faculty, staff and students back to campus for another academic year. Although not part of her required job duties, Dr. Jude volunteers to check student IDs and hand out lunch tickets at the picnic. Her voluntary actions represent what type of citizenship behavior?
a) helping
b) boosterism
c) sportsmanship
d) civic virtue
Answer:
Her voluntary actions represent:
d) civic virtue
Explanation:
Organizational citizenship behaviors, or OCBs, are behaviors that are usually not part of a job's description, but that greatly improve one's performance. Both the organization and the individual practicing them are benefited. According to some authors, OCBs include behaviors such as:
Voice: talking when you feel that your perspective may improve the organization; speaking up;
Civic virtue: doing more than what is required, volunteering, going the extra mile when making an effort;
Boosterism: behaving in a way both in or away from work that represents the organization positively;
Helping: assisting coworkers who are under pressure or whose workload is too heavy;
Courtesy: being kind, attentive, polite, as well as mentoring and sharing information;
Sportsmanship: maintaining a positive attitude even when things go wrong.
As we can see, Dr. Jude's behavior can be classified as civic virtue. She is not only doing what is expected from her, but also going the extra mile. She is volunteering to check IDs and to hand out lunch tickets. She is doing more than is required, and that makes a great difference in the organization.
