Which of the following statements is true?

a. In order to lease cloud-based IT resources, a cloud consumer's up-front investment costs must increase when compared to the up-front costs required to purchase the same IT resources as part of an on-premise environment.
b. A required characteristic of on-premise environments is that they are resilient so as to provide high availability and reliability. This allows an on-premise SaaS product to be widely accessible by multiple cloud service consumers.
c. When leasing IT resources provided by a public cloud, cloud consumers are required to pay only for the amount of actual usage.
d. None of the above