Answer:
In the simplest meaning, you have:
Residual (e) = Observed value (y) - Predicted value (y')
Here, observed value y has been provided in table.
The predict value y' is calculated based on the linear regression model shown in your picture: y = 0.161x + 0.748, by substitute x into this model, you obtain the predict value y'.
x = 1.11, 18, 21.9, 18, 16.7, 20, 15.5, 19.5
=> Corresponding y' would be:
y' = 0.93, 3.65, 4.27, 3.65, 3.44, 3.97, 3.24, 3.89
From the table, you have corresponding observed value y:
y = 0.7, 4, 3.69, 3.8, 3.21, 4, 3.92, 3.77
=> Subtract y to y', you obtain the corresponding residual e:
e = -0.23, 0.35, -0.58, 0.15, -0.23, 0.03, -0.68, -0.12
Plot vector e on y axis, and vector x on x-axis respectively, you got the residual plot
Hope this helps!
:)