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Fossils are the preserved biological remains and activities of ancient animals and plants. Paleontologists study fossils to determine anatomical and behavioral characteristics of past organisms. Fossils are classified into three categories of body, trace and chemical. The fossilization process is rare and occurs through a combination of biological, chemical and physical processes. Fossilization processes are molds, casts, drying, freezing, petrification, polymerization and carbonization.

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Amber fossils happen when insects become trapped in tree resin, the tree resin preserves the insect.  They usually have a yellowish tint to them and contain the insect that was trapped.

Trace fossils are preserved records of life such as footprints or nests.  For example when an animal leaves a footprint and the mud the footprint was in turns into rock, it is preserved.  

Petrified fossils happen when the structure of animals buried underground are replaced with minerals.