Mangrove trees grow in the water on the edge of a
subtropical island. In time, glass-like plants will grow on
the same spot. Still later, palm trees will grow there. Given
enough time (and no natural disasters), all these plants will
be gone, and a stable pine forest will stand where the
mangroves once grew. Thoso changes best describe steps
Involved in

1) The Heterotroph Hypothesis

2) Ecological Succession

3) Energy Cycles

4) The Water Cycle