The correct answer is option A: density-independent.
Density-independent factor, also called a limiting factor, in ecology, is any force that affects the size of a population of living things regardless of the density of the population (the number of individuals per unit area).
A factor that affects the size of a population independently or regardless of the population density. In ecology, density-independent factors are the physical or abiotic factors like weather, forest fire, pollutant, etc.
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