Question

Glucose and sodium move from the lumen of the small intestine into the blood via transport proteins in the epithelial cells lining the small intestine.


Explain how this system maximizes glucose absorption from the intestinal lumen into the epithelial cells and from the epithelial cells into the blood.

Answer 1

Answer:

Answered below.

Explanation:

During the absorption of glucose in the small intestinal lumen, the following processes occur.

Sodium ions inside the small intestinal cells are moved into the interstitial fluid and into the blood by the sodium-potassium pump.

The resulting low sodium in the intracellular environment creates a concentration gradient that triggers the transportation of sodium ions from the intestinal lumen into the small intestinal cells or enterocytes, by a mechanism called facilitated diffusion. Facilitated diffusion means diffusion facilitated by a transport protein. This transport protein, called the the sodium-glucose cotransporter, transports sodium alongside with glucose into the cells.

After glucose has been transported into the cell,it is then moved through the basal and lateral membranes into the blood by another transport protein called GLUT2.

Answer 2

The system in which Glucose and sodium move from the lumen of the small intestine into the blood via transport proteins maximizes absorption by pumping these nutrients into the blood regardless of concentration.

A common theme of cellular biology is the form in which substances move throughout the body. These movements are performed through transports that can be classified simply as:

• Active Transport
• Passive Transport

depending on whether or not they consume energy to function. Passive transports rely on chemical reactions and happen exclusively in favor of the gradient, that is, the substance always moves to where there is less concentration.

An active transport, like is the case with the transport proteins, uses energy to function. This will maximize the absorption of glucose and sodium because it will continue to pump these nutrients into the blood regardless of the concentration values on either side, meaning that they can be absorbed for longer periods of time, if not continuously.

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