The presidential veto power over legislation, the power of the Senate to approve presidential appointments, and judicial review over acts of Congress and presidential actions are examples of the principle in the American political system of:
a. gridlock intervals
b. separation of powers
c. checks and balances
d. federalism
e. separated institutions sharing powers

Checks and balances is a term often used in political spheres, which describes different ways in which government tends to limit mistakes, prevent improper action, and majorly to reduce the risk of central power in government.

In other words, Checks and balances usually ensure that separate branches are empowered to prevent actions (actions considered controversial or outrightly wrong) by other branches and are induced to share power. Checks and balances are applied primarily in constitutional governments

To have a sound checks and balances, the United States government executes this principle of government through her three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.