Question

PART A: Which of the following statements best summarizes the difference in point of view between Professor Toldson and Professor Noguera?

A
Toldson thinks integration is less important in ensuring equal access to quality education than Noguera.
B
Noguera thinks integration is less important in ensuring equal access to quality education than Toldson.
C
Noguera feels more strongly about instituting forced integration policies than Toldson.
D
Toldson wants to see predominantly black schools succeed, while Noguera does not think they will get needed resources.

PART B: Which TWO of the following quotes from the text best support the answer to Part A.

A
“when there’s a critical mass of black people who move into a certain subdivision, irrespective of the social economic status of those black people, a lot of times there’s the feeling that it’s bringing the neighborhood, and thus the schools, down to a certain point.” (Toldson, Paragraph 13)
B
“when we allow schools to remain segregated by race and class, we are denying kids the learning opportunities because, as was true before the Brown, the resources go with the most affluent children." (Noguera, Paragraph 16)
C
“There are some high-performing schools that are predominately black. So just the presence of a diverse student population I think is desirable, but I don’t think is absolutely necessary.” (Toldson, Paragraph 25)
D
“we’ve been talking about the achievement gap for so long as a country, but we totally ignore the learning opportunities available to children – opportunities that are often determined by the neighborhoods they live in.” (Noguera, Paragraph 30)
E
“Already the West and the South already the majority of children in those regions are children of color. And this country will be a nation where there is no one group in a majority by 2041.” (Noguera, Paragraph 41)
F
“I believe that it should be against the law to deny anybody an educational opportunity based on race and Brown versus the Board of Education achieved that” (Toldson, Paragraph 44)

Answer 1

Answer: For part A, the answer is A. For part B, the answers are B and C.

Explanation: From Part B, we can infer that Toldson thinks that integration is desirable but not absolutely necessary and that Noguera believes that Integration would lead to better access to quality education for both blacks and whites.

In paragraph 16, Noguera pointed out

that opportunities are denied to children

that are divided against segregation lines

because resources goes with the most

affluent children. Toldson acknowledges that some high performing schools are predominantly black, and that while integration is desirable, it is not absolutely necessary.

Answer 2

Option A is the correct answer for Part A and Options B and C correct for Part B.

What summarizes the views in Part A?

• The United States (US) Supreme Court ruled in the famous 1954 decision Brown vs. Board of Education that state laws establishing segregated public schools for black and white children were unconstitutional.

• Toldson believes integration is less important than Noguera in guaranteeing equal access to a decent education.

Which supports the views in Part A?

• From Part B that Toldson believes integration is desirable but not absolutely required, and Noguera believes integration would result in better access to quality education for both blacks and whites.

• Toldson believes in paragraph 13 that regardless of the socioeconomic status of black people who move in large numbers into a certain neighborhood, there is always a sense that their presence in such a neighborhood and school is bringing down the (quality of) school and neighborhood to a certain point, whereas Noguera is more concerned with denying children of black races access to quality education despite the fact that such opportunities are determined by where they live.

• Noguera feels that despite widespread concern about the accomplishment gap, little progress has been made in terms of integration.

• In paragraph 16, Noguera stated that opportunities are denied to children who are separated along racial lines because resources are allocated to the most affluent children.

• Toldson agrees that some high-performing schools are predominantly black and that while integration is preferable, it is not required.

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