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Giant Lizards of Indonesia
By R. A. Wallami
Picture this. Roaming an island, there are giant10-foot lizards that attack animals as big as buffalo. Does this sound like a movie? Actually, a picture of this giant lizard—the Komodo dragon—inspired the maker of the movie Godzilla to create the story of a giant-sized lizard gone wild. Although Komodo dragons are not as big as Godzilla, they are fascinating, yet dangerous, animals.

Komodo dragons live on the Komodo Island in Indonesia. The Komodo National Park is named after these amazing animals. Visitors can roam the park and hike along trails to look at these amazing animals. They take pictures and videos of these creatures to share with friends back home. The lizards, however, have a dark side. “These animals are not what they seem to visitors,” says Milani, who lives in the village of Kampung Komodo on Komodo Island. Milani explains that last year, one of her friends, a 9-year-old boy, was attacked and killed by a Komodo dragon. “The Komodo bit him and then smashed him against the rocks. There was nothing we could do.” This is not the first time a Komodo has attacked a human. Last year, a 39-year-old villager was attacked after the dragon found its way into the man’s home while he was sleeping.

The villagers are used to living with these dragons, but are very cautious of them. Even at school they are on the lookout for these lizards. Sometimes, Komodos find their way into students’ classrooms by crawling under the walls. All the students are sent home for the day while authorities remove the animal. "People are scared because, every day, the dragons come down and eat our goats," complains Ibrahim Hamso, secretary of the Kampung Rinca village. "Today it's a goat, and tomorrow it can be our child."

“Attacks are more frequent since 1995,” says one villager. In this year, the Nature Conservancy was asked to create a national park to protect the Komodo dragons from extinction. To protect the Komodo dragon from extinction in Indonesia, they put new laws into place. These laws may have brought about increased dangerous behaviors from the lizards.

One law they enacted was to ban all non-native animals from the island. This ban included the most popular pet—the dog. The dogs used to discourage Komodo dragons from entering the villages. Now, without the dog to deter them, it is easier for the Komodo dragons to invade their village. The villagers live in houses on stilts to protect them from the dragons, but dragons will hide under the stilt houses to snatch the villagers’ goats or chickens.

Another law the Nature Conservancy enacted was to prohibit villagers from feeding the dragons on the outskirts of the village. The villagers feel that when they fed the dragons in the past, the dragons did not come into the village to hunt for food. "For us, giving food to the dragons is an obligation, our sacred duty," says Hajji Adam, headman of the park's village. In contrast, the officials at the Nature Conservancy feel that this law benefits the dragons. "We don't want the Komodo dragon to be domesticated. It's against natural balance," says Widodo Ramono, policy director of the Nature Conservancy.

Is the conservancy addressing the villagers’ concerns? “Any concern expressed by the villagers will be taken seriously and we will address it if we can," says Chief Communications Officer James R. Petterson. In spite of this comment by an officer of the Nature Conservancy, the villagers do not feel that their fears are being taken seriously. They villagers have repeatedly asked for a dragon-proof fence to be built around the village. These fences cost only $5,000 each. The company has not built this protective fence.

Although the villagers are concerned, they are used to living with the Komodo dragons. The lizards "live here and we have our families, so we must share," says the villager Kadir. "The dragons are our friends." The Nature Conservancy is trying to protect the safety of the Komodo dragon. They should not ignore the continuing concerns of the villagers of the island of Komodo.


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Use an anecdote or quotation hook.
Write your thesis statement. This is your three-part idea that answers the question: What problems does my everyday monster cause, who does it affect, and how can it be solved?
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Answer:

King of the lizards: There are over 3,000 lizard species, but the Komodo dragon wins the prize for being the largest living lizard in the world! It is a type of monitor lizard, an ancient species of reptile with ancestors that date back more than 100 million years. Komodo dragons were unknown by western scientists until 1912, and their common name came from rumors of a large dragon-like lizard occurring in the Lesser Sunda Islands. Indeed the yellow color of the Komodo dragon’s long, forked tongue reminds people of mythical dragons that spit fire!

These large lizards range in color from black to yellow-gray, depending on their location, and have a rough, durable skin reinforced with osteoderms (bony plates) protecting them from injuries from scratches and bites. Komodo dragons also have a large, muscular tail and long, powerful claws.

HABITAT AND DIET

Komodo dragons live on only five islands in southeastern Indonesia: Indonesia’s four islands within Komodo National Park (Komodo, Rinca, Gili Montang, Gili Dasami), and the island of Flores. The islands are volcanic in origin, rugged and hilly, and covered with both forest and savanna grassland. Komodo dragons have the smallest home range of any large predator in the world! They like it hot, with daytime temperatures during the dry season that often reach 95 degrees Fahrenheit (35 degrees Celsius) with 70-percent humidity.  

Some dragons scratch shallow burrows to rest in at night to keep warm and as a cool shelter to retreat to from the heat of the day. They may either make their own burrows or use an existing one another lizard created.  Sometimes these burrows can be seen along the slopes of dry streambeds among tree roots. However, not all Komodo dragons use burrows; in fact, one adult male on Komodo Island often sleeps at night in an abandoned hut that visitors used to stay in!

An adult dragon leads a life of leisure. It emerges from its burrow to look for a sunny spot to warm up in. Then it’s off to find breakfast, followed by a nice long nap in the shade during the hottest part of the day. After a late afternoon meal, the dragon is ready for bed, sleeping soundly in its burrow until a new day begins. It is a solitary creature that lives and hunts alone.

An adult Komodo dragon eats whatever food is available. Its natural prey, however, is the Timor deer. The deer are wary and quite agile, requiring the dragon to resort to lying in ambush in the long grass next to game trails, in order to be successful in hunting. When the deer passes by, the dragon uses its long claws and sharp teeth to attack. If the prey escapes, the dragon can rely on its long tongue to find its whereabouts, even up to a mile away (1.6 kilometers) away!

Komodo dragons also eat water buffalo and wild pigs, both of which were introduced by man, as well as snakes and fish that wash up on the shore. On Rinca and Komodo islands, pigs have become common in some areas and are now competitors for food with the big lizards. Some dragons have visible scars from conflicts with wild boars. Komodo dragons may also be cannibalistic. Fortunately, the young spend their lives in trees, which likely helps reduce their risk of predation from the adults.

In addition, Komodo dragon saliva contains potentially harmful bacteria that are thought to help weaken prey that are too large for a single dragon to overpower. One study discovered 23 species of bacteria in the saliva of wild dragons, yet only 10 species of bacteria in the saliva of dragons in zoos. Some recent research suggests that Komodo dragons might also be venomous due to some of the properties of components in their saliva. Whether they are venomous or not is subject to interpretation at this time; it is too early to make this conclusion until more research is done.

Explanation:

Answer:

Komodo dragons live on only five islands in southeastern Indonesia: Indonesia’s four islands within Komodo National Park (Komodo, Rinca, Gili Montang, Gili Dasami), and the island of Flores. The islands are volcanos in origin, rugged and hotish, and covered with both forest and savanna grassland. Komodo dragons have the smallest home range of any oversized predator in the world! They like it when it is hot.

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