Question

1. Tetrapods are ____________________. Examples of tetrapods include ___________________,
____________________, __________________ and ______________________.
2. Tetrapods first appear in the fossil record _________ million years ago.
3. Charles Darwin predicted that tetrapods evolved from _____________. What observation leads to that hypothesis?
4. What evidence would you expect to find to support that hypothesis? What age rocks would you
look in and why?
5. Fish use ___________ to breathe underwater. (However, many species of lobe-finned fishes that
evolved during the Devonian period also had ____________________.)
6. In fossils, what anatomical evidence indicates that gills were present? _________________________
7. Many transitional species had gills which means that they lived in ____________________________.
8. Lungs allow an animal to breathe _____________. Why did this adaptation evolve?
9. Tetrapods use ____________ to breathe. Do any modern tetrapods have gills? Explain.
13. Most modern tetrapods have ___________ digits on front limbs and __________ digits on back
limbs, although some species have fewer. How does this number compare to the number of digits on the limbs of transitional fossil forms?
14. Why do many of the transitional fossils between fish and tetrapods have flat heads?
15. How did the anatomy of the shoulder and head change during tetrapod evolution?
16. ___________________ and __________________ are fossil species have characteristics unique to
fish as well as characteristics found in fish and tetrapods. Describe the characteristics of lobe-finned fish that are similar to those of tetrapods.
17. Which lobe-finned fish is alive today? ________________________
18. Acanthostega and Icythyostega have been called fish-like tetrapods. Explain why they are described
as such and describe the environment in which they probably lived.
19. Why is Tiktaalik such an important transitional fossil?
20. __________________ and _____________________ are early tetrapods that do not have features
unique to fish. Describe how these two species differ anatomically and what that means about where they each lived.

Answer 1

1. tetrapods are ( four-limbed animals ) . examples of tetrapods include (extanct and extinct amphibians , reptiles , and mammals )
2. Tetrapods first appear in the fossil record ( 367.5 ) million years ago .
3. Charles Darwin predicted that tetrapods evolved from ( a finned organism that lived in the water) . What observation leads do that hypothesis?( they have “fleshy fins” and “lobe fins”) .
5. Fish use ( gills ) to breathe underwater .

Answer 2

1. Tetrapods are four-limbed animals. Examples include amphibians, reptiles and mammals.

2. Tetrapods first appear in the fossil record 367.5 million years ago .

3. Charles Darwin predicted that tetrapods evolved from a finned organism in the water. They have fins.

4. Evidence expected to be found are fossils. The age of rocks would be from 380 and 360 Myra because the transition to become fossils takes time.

5. Fish use gills to breathe underwater. During the Devonian period had fleshy pectoral and fins connected to shoulder.

6. In fossils, anatomical evidence indicates that gills were present as it were connected to shoulder and skull.

7. Many transitional species had gills which means that they lived in aquatic environments.

8. Lungs allow an animal to breathe air.

9. Tetrapods use lungs to breathe. Yes, modern tetrapods have gills.

13. Most modern tetrapods have five digits on front limbs and five digits on back limbs, although some species have fewer.

14. Many of the transitional fossils between fish and tetrapods have flat head as they are adopted to live in shallower and deep water.  

15. The anatomy of the shoulder and head change during tetrapod evolution with development of an independent movement of the skull. The development of neck between the body.

16. Tiktaalik and Acanthostega are fossil species have characteristics unique to fish as well as characteristics found in fish and tetrapods.

Lobe-finned fish have lungs in their body. Their fins is attached to a single bone.

17.  Coelacanth lobe-finned fish still exist today.

18. The Acanthostega and the Icythyostega characterized by having four extremities with gills and lungs.

19. Tiktaalik is an important transitional fossil as it belong to genus sarcopterygium  that dated back to 400 million years ago.

20. Tiktaalik and Achanthostega are early tetrapods that do not have features unique to fish. Achanthostega lived in dry land and Tiktaalik in shallow water.

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